Key Takeaways
- Surgery is rarely the first option: Most cases of tennis elbow heal with non-invasive treatments like rest, physical therapy, and bracing.
- Conservative care works: Over 90% of patients find relief without stepping into an operating room.
- Persistent pain may require intervention: If symptoms persist after 6–12 months of non-surgical treatment, surgery might be considered.
- Expert care is nearby:Greater Pittsburgh Orthopaedic Associates specializes in providing top-tier orthopaedic care to patients in a wide variety of age groups throughout PA. If elbow pain is disrupting your life, schedule an appointment today to explore your options.
Dealing with elbow pain can turn simple tasks—like pouring a cup of coffee or turning a doorknob—into painful challenges. Tennis elbow, clinically known as lateral epicondylitis, is a common culprit. Despite the name, you don't need to be a tennis pro to develop this condition; it stems from repetitive motion and overuse of the forearm muscles.
If you are suffering from that nagging ache on the outside of your elbow, you might be worried that surgery is the only fix. The good news is that for the vast majority of people, the road to recovery does not involve a scalpel. This guide explores the reality of treating tennis elbow, from conservative home remedies to the rare instances where surgical intervention is actually necessary.
Understanding Tennis Elbow: Why Does It Hurt?
Tennis elbow is an overuse injury that causes inflammation or micro-tearing of the tendons that join the forearm muscles on the outside of the elbow. The forearm muscles and tendons become damaged from repeating the same motions again and again. This leads to pain and tenderness on the outside of the elbow.
While it affects tennis players, it is also common among plumbers, painters, carpenters, and butchers. Any activity that involves repetitive gripping and twisting can trigger the condition.
Symptoms to Watch For
Identifying the symptoms early can prevent the condition from worsening. Common signs include:
- Pain radiating from the outside of the elbow down into the forearm and wrist.
- Weakness in your grip strength.
- Pain when performing specific movements, such as holding a coffee cup, shaking hands, or turning a door handle.
Conservative Treatments: The First Line of Defense
For most patients in Pittsburgh, the initial approach to treating tennis elbow is non-surgical. In fact, surgery is generally considered a last resort. Your orthopaedic specialist will likely recommend a combination of the following treatments to help the tendon heal naturally.
Rest and Activity Modification
The most critical step in recovery is giving your arm a break. This doesn't mean you have to stop using your arm entirely, but you must avoid the activities that aggravate the pain. If your job requires repetitive motion, talk to your doctor about modifying your duties or taking frequent breaks.
Physical Therapy and Exercise
Specific exercises are crucial for strengthening the muscles of the forearm. A physical therapist can guide you through eccentric exercises, which involve lengthening the muscle under tension. This is proven to be highly effective for treating tendon conditions.
Bracing and Medication
Using a counterforce brace—a strap worn around the upper forearm—can relieve tension on the tendon attachment point. Additionally, over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin can help reduce pain and swelling.
Comparison: Conservative vs. Surgical Approach
| Feature | Conservative Treatment | Surgical Treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Goal | Relieve pain and promote natural healing | Remove damaged tissue and repair tendon |
| Invasiveness | Non-invasive | Invasive (requires incision) |
| Recovery Time | Weeks to months | 3 to 6 months for full recovery |
| Success Rate | Effective for ~90% of patients | High success rate for chronic cases |
| Cost | Generally lower | Higher due to facility and anesthesia fees |
When Is Surgery Actually Necessary?
Surgery becomes a consideration only when conservative treatments have failed to provide relief after a significant period, usually 6 to 12 months. If your quality of life is suffering and you cannot perform daily activities despite diligent rest and therapy, your doctor at Greater Pittsburgh Orthopaedic Associates might discuss surgical options.
Types of Surgery for Lateral Epicondylitis
If surgery is deemed necessary, the goal is to remove the diseased muscle and reattach healthy muscle back to the bone. The two most common approaches are:
- Open Surgery: This is the most common approach. An incision is made over the elbow to access the tendon.
- Arthroscopic Surgery: This involves using miniature instruments and small incisions. It is often performed as an outpatient procedure.
Both methods have high success rates, and the choice often depends on the specific nature of your injury and your surgeon's expertise.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Whether you heal through physical therapy or require surgery, rehabilitation is key. Post-surgery recovery involves a period of immobilization followed by gradual strengthening exercises. Returning to athletic activity or heavy lifting usually takes several months. It is vital to follow your surgeon's protocol to prevent re-injury.
Restore Your Range of Motion with GPOA
Don't let elbow pain dictate your daily life or limit your ability to work and play. While the thought of surgery can be daunting, remember that it is rarely the first step. The team at Greater Pittsburgh Orthopaedic Associates is dedicated to exhausting every non-surgical option to get you back to full strength.
If you are experiencing persistent elbow pain, schedule an appointment with Greater Pittsburgh Orthopaedic Associates today to discuss a personalized treatment plan that fits your lifestyle.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can tennis elbow heal on its own without treatment?
Yes, tennis elbow is a self-limiting condition, meaning it can eventually heal on its own with adequate rest. However, this process can take anywhere from 6 months to 2 years. Seeking medical advice can significantly speed up recovery and prevent chronic pain.
Are cortisone injections a good idea for tennis elbow?
Cortisone injections can provide powerful short-term pain relief and reduce inflammation. However, they are not a long-term cure, and multiple injections can sometimes weaken the tendon over time. Doctors use them judiciously, often to help patients tolerate physical therapy.
What happens if I ignore tennis elbow pain?
Ignoring the pain and continuing the repetitive activity that caused it can lead to chronic damage. The tendon can develop scar tissue, making it weaker and more prone to tearing. Chronic tennis elbow is much harder to treat than an acute injury.
How do I know if my elbow pain is serious?
If you cannot carry objects, have severe pain at night, or if the pain persists despite weeks of rest and ice, you should see a specialist. Additionally, if you notice any deformity or cannot move your elbow, seek immediate medical attention.
